Department Of Informatics Of The Unified Health System Research Articles

Mortality from cerebral stroke in the State of Pernambuco, Brazil: an ecological study

Introduction: cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is the second leading cause of death globally, characterized by cerebrovascular events due to dysfunctions in the cerebral blood supply. It can be ischemic or hemorrhagic and has high morbidity and mortality rates. In Brazil, it is the main cause of death, disabling many over 50 years of age and leading to around 40% of early retirements. Despite advances in initial treatment, mortality rates remain high, indicating flaws in prevention and treatment strategies. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the need for immediate implementation of preventive and treatment measures for this condition. Objective: to evaluate the trend in the mortality coefficient and proportional mortality from stroke in the population of Pernambuco, from 2000 to 2021. Methods: This is an ecological time series study with data from the population of the state of Pernambuco, located in northeast region of Brazil, from 2000 to 2021. The eligibility criteria were deaths with a stroke occurring in the state of Pernambuco. Information on mortality, population estimates and number of deaths by sex and age group were extracted from the database of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). For statistical analysis, it was calculated the mortality coefficient, proportional mortality, mean, standard deviation, skewness and kurtosis. The temporal trend of stroke was assessed by jointpoint regression. Results: Between 2000 and 2021, there were 39,410 deaths from stroke. Around 49.0% were male and 51.0% female. The female sex had an average of 913.45 in the number of deaths, being quantitatively higher than the average identified for the male sex of 877.04 deaths. The years with the highest number of deaths were 2006, 2007 and 2008, while 2018 had the lowest number. There was a progressive increase in the number of deaths from stroke from 2018 to 2021. There was a decline in the average annual percentage variation in the mortality rate for stroke in all groups studied, in addition to a drop in the average annual percentage of proportional mortality for stroke in the entire population. Throughout the period, there was a decline in the average annual percentage of proportional mortality from stroke in the entire population studied. Conclusion: In the period from 2000 to 2021 there was a greater number of deaths due to stroke in women in contrast to men in the population of Pernambuco, Brazil. Furthermore, there was a downward trend in stroke rates in both the mortality rate and proportional mortality. In the period from 2018 to 2021 there was a progressive increase in the mortality rate and proportional mortality from stroke.

Pericardial Diseases Mortality Trends in Brazil From 2000 to 2022.

Background Pericardial diseases manifest in various clinical forms, including acute pericarditis, constrictive pericarditis, pericardial effusion, and cardiac tamponade, with acute pericarditis being the most prevalent. These conditions significantly contribute to mortality rates. Therefore, this article aimed to analyze mortality trends in the Brazilian population based on age and sex, shedding light on the impact of pericardial diseases on public health outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective time-series analysis of pericardial disease mortality rates in Brazil (2000-2022). Data was obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), and the 10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes: I30, I31, and I32 were included for analysis. We gathered population and demographic data categorized by age range and sex from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Subsequently, we computed the age-standardized mortality rate per 100,000 individuals and assessed the annual percentage changes (APCs) and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) using joinpoint regression, along with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results In terms of mortality trends based on sex, overall mortality rates remained stable for males and combined sexes over the study period. However, there was a notable increase in mortality rates among females (AAPC=1.18), particularly between 2020 and 2022, with a significant APC of 27.55. Analyzing pericardial diseases across different age groups (20 to 80 years and above), it wasobserved that mortality rates significantly increased in the 70-79 and 80 years and above age groups throughout the study period (AAPC=1.0339 and AAPC=3.4587, respectively). These two age groups experienced the highest significant rise in mortality between 2020 and 2022. Other age groups did not exhibit a significant change in AAPC. Conclusions This comprehensive analysis spanning two decades (2000-2022), examined the mortality trends of pericardial diseases in Brazil and revealed relative stability overall. Males exhibited an overall higher mortality number due to pericardial diseases; however, females showed the most significant increase in mortality trend throughout the whole period. In the first segment (2000-2015), mortality rose across all cohorts, which was attributed to substandard healthcare facilities and infectious diseases like tuberculosis. The second segment (2016-2020) saw a decline in mortality, likely due to improved healthcare, particularly the increased availability of echocardiograms. However, the third segment (2020-2022) witnessed a sharp rise in mortality, coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic, with post-COVID-19 symptoms, particularly pericarditis. Pericarditis-related death rates declined compared to pericardial effusion, and mortality rates correlated directly with age, with older cohorts experiencing higher mortality due to increased comorbidities, and decline in health and immunocompetency.

Impacto da pandemia do covid-19 no diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer de colo de útero: um estudo retrospectivo brasileiro

The Covid-19 pandemic has represented a crisis in healthcare systems. The impact of its effects on the diagnosis and treatment of incident malignancies, such as cervical cancer, can be evidenced in metrics. Materials and methods: In this cohort, we carried out a retrospective and quantitative comparative analysis of time series, between 2014 and 2022, with the total data of diagnoses and hysterectomies performed for the treatment of malignant cervical neoplasms, through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Results: From 2014 to 2022, Brazil recorded 173,300 cases of malignant cervical neoplasms. Increasing trends in the number of annual diagnoses were examined, with a decrease in the pattern between 2019 and 2020, coinciding with the pandemic period. Similarly, the total number of hysterectomies, the main treatment for cervical cancer, was affected. Between 2014 and 2019, an average of 53,652 surgeries were performed annually. However, in 2020 it fell to 30,698 (40.2%) interventions compared to 2019. Conclusion: In the period from 2019 to 2020, there were substantial reductions in the number of procedures coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, the data suggest a delay in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of cervical neoplasms, impacting relevant clinical outcomes and overall survival.

Impacto da pandemia do covid-19 no diagnóstico e tratamento do câncer de colo de útero: um estudo retrospectivo brasileiro

The Covid-19 pandemic has represented a crisis in healthcare systems. The impact of its effects on the diagnosis and treatment of incident malignancies, such as cervical cancer, can be evidenced in metrics. Materials and methods: In this cohort, we carried out a retrospective and quantitative comparative analysis of time series, between 2014 and 2022, with the total data of diagnoses and hysterectomies performed for the treatment of malignant cervical neoplasms, through the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Results: From 2014 to 2022, Brazil recorded 173,300 cases of malignant cervical neoplasms. Increasing trends in the number of annual diagnoses were examined, with a decrease in the pattern between 2019 and 2020, coinciding with the pandemic period. Similarly, the total number of hysterectomies, the main treatment for cervical cancer, was affected. Between 2014 and 2019, an average of 53,652 surgeries were performed annually. However, in 2020 it fell to 30,698 (40.2%) interventions compared to 2019. Conclusion: In the period from 2019 to 2020, there were substantial reductions in the number of procedures coinciding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, the data suggest a delay in the diagnosis and surgical treatment of cervical neoplasms, impacting relevant clinical outcomes and overall survival.

Ischemic heart disease-related mortality in Brazil, 2006 to 2020. A study of multiple causes of death

ContextBoth the aging of the population and the increase in noncommunicable diseases may influence the progression and outcomes culminating in death, changing the evolution of ischemic heart diseases (IHDs) and their associated causes. Using the multiple causes of death method could help understand the magnitude of these relationships and enable better targeting of investments in health.ObjectivesTo evaluate the mortality from IHD in Brazil between 2006 and 2020 using the method of multiple causes and identify differences in the distribution pattern of IHD mortality by sex and geographic region.MethodsBased on information extracted from death certificates (DCs) obtained from the database of the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), we used the multiple causes method to analyze the causes of death associated with IHD when IHD was defined as the underlying cause of death (UC) and the causes of death listed as the UC when IHD was recorded in any other lines of the DC, from 2006 to 2020, in Brazil. Subsequently, the proportion of these causes of death and differences between sexes and geographic regions were evaluated, with statistical relevance analyzed using the chi-square test, and the dependence between factors illustrated using stacked bar charts and small-world network graphs.ResultsWhen IHD was listed as the UC of death, the most frequent associated causes of death were, in descending order of frequency, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), arterial hypertension (AH), chronic ischemic heart disease (CHID), heart failure (HF), and diabetes mellitus (DM). When IHD was mentioned in any line of the DC, the most frequent UCs of death were AMI followed by DM, CIHD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke, dyslipidemia, and, in the year 2020, COVID-19. The most frequent cause of death in women were DM as the UC and associated cause of death, AH as the UC, and CIHD and Alzheimer's disease as associated causes of death, while the most frequent causes of death in men were substance dependence as the UC and associated cause of death, and cancer as an associated cause of death. The most frequent causes of death were DM and stroke in the North and Northeast, dyslipidemia and obesity in the Midwest, Alzheimer's disease in the South and Southeast, and atherosclerotic heart disease (AHD) and COPD in the South.ConclusionsSeveral diseases – including AMI, AH, CIHD, HF, and DM – were the most frequent associated causes of death when IHD was recorded as the UC. In contrast, AMI, DM, CIHD, COPD, and stroke were the most frequent UCs when IHD was listed as an associated cause of death. The degree of these associations varied between sexes and geographic regions.

Big Data-Planetary Health approach for evaluating the Brazilian Dengue Control Program.

This study aims to integrate the concepts of planetary health and big data into the Donabedian model to evaluate the Brazilian dengue control program in the state of São Paulo. Data science methods were used to integrate and analyze dengue-related data, adding context to the structure and outcome components of the Donabedian model. This data, considering the period from 2010 to 2019, was collected from sources such as Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), WorldClim, and MapBiomas. These data were integrated into a Data Warehouse. K-means algorithm was used to identify groups with similar contexts. Then, statistical analyses and spatial visualizations of the groups were performed, considering socioeconomic and demographic variables, soil, health structure, and dengue cases. Using climate variables, the K-means algorithm identified four groups of municipalities with similar characteristics. The comparison of their indicators revealed certain patterns in the municipalities with the worst performance in terms of dengue case outcomes. Although presenting better economic conditions, these municipalities held a lower average number of community healthcare agents and basic health units per inhabitant. Thus, economic conditions did not reflect better health structure among the three studied indicators. Another characteristic of these municipalities is urbanization. The worst performing municipalities presented a higher rate of urban population and human activity related to urbanization. This methodology identified important deficiencies in the implementation of the dengue control program in the state of São Paulo. The integration of several databases and the use of Data Science methods allowed the evaluation of the program on a large scale, considering the context in which activities are conducted. These data can be used by the public administration to plan actions and invest according to the deficiencies of each location.

Analysis of the epidemiological profile of congenital hip deformities, 2011-2021.

This study aimed to identify the relevance of hospitalizations for congenital hip deformities in Bahia. This is a retrospective epidemiological study in public databases. Descriptors in health sciences: "congenital hip dysplasia", "congenital hip dislocation", and "congenital dislocation hip". This is qualitative-quantitative research with the analysis of secondary data and cross-sectional typologies in the databases of the Ministry of Health - Health Information (TABNET), made available by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Bahia was the third Brazilian state with the highest number of hospitalizations, registering 1481 cases. The municipalities in Bahia with the highest prevalence were Itanhém, Salvador, and Barreiras, with 912, 445, and 20 cases, respectively. The elevated number of congenital hip deformities reflects a public health problem, requiring investments in public policies.

Temporal analysis of therapeutic approaches to osteogenesis imperfecta in the context of pediatric orthopedics - an update

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI), popularly known as brittle bone disease, is characterized by bone fragility and deformities, as well as fractures caused by minor trauma. Prevention to reduce the number of fractures, treatment of fractures and surgical correction of deformities are a challenge for orthopaedic surgeons in their therapeutic management. The aim of this study is to analyze the therapeutic approaches to osteogenesis imperfecta in Brazil from 2013 to 2022. This is a retrospective qualitative and quantitative clinical investigation, in which the information was obtained from the Ministry of Health databases (TABNET), made available by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), using the health science descriptors: "osteogenesis imperfecta", "pediatrics" and "bone fractures". It can be seen that between 2013 and 2022, 9,461 treatments for osteogenesis imperfecta were recorded in Brazil, so even though it is considered a rare pathology, it has a significant number of cases. Thus, the long-term aim of therapeutic interventions is for these children to live independently and develop the life skills that will enable them to coordinate their own care

IMPACT AND PREVALENCE OF CONGENITAL FOOT DEFORMITIES IN BRAZIL, 2012 - 2022

Evaluate the prevalence of congenital foot deformities in Brazil, as well as their epidemiological profile during the period of 2012 to 2022 and their impacts. This is a research conducted through secondary data analysis and cross-sectional typology in the databases of the Ministry of Health - Health Information (TABNET), made available by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Descriptors in health sciences: "deformidade do pé" and "foot deformities". A total of 55,472 cases of congenital foot deformities were registered in Brazil. The Southeast region had the highest prevalence with 43.1% of the cases. 57.3% of the cases were diagnosed by the age of 10 years old. The epidemiological profile of congenital foot deformities reveals risk factors to which a certain population is exposed, such as teratogenic agents.

Mortality due to malignant neoplasms of the liver and intrahepatic biliary tract in the state of Mato Grosso in 2020

Malignant neoplasms of the liver and intrahepatic biliary tract occupy the third place of cancer deaths in the world and the second most deadly in men and the sixth in women. Eating habits characterized by the consumption of food with high caloric and glycemic indexes, associated with a sedentary lifestyle, provide a greater risk of developing hepatic steatosis, as well as obesity, which, together with the increased incidence of chronic viral hepatitis, excessive alcoholism, and age over 50 years, constitute the main risk factors for the development of these types of cancer. In addition, due to the chronicity of liver pathologies, the diagnosis is usually late, a factor that contributes to increase the mortality rate. Thus, the objective of this work is to analyze the epidemiological profile of deaths due to liver cancer and intrahepatic biliary tract that occurred in the state of Mato Grosso in 2020. This is a cross-sectional study based on data from the Mortality Information System (SIM), made available by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), and in the population estimate of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) for 2020. A study was carried out of the epidemiological profile of deaths related to liver and intrahepatic biliary ducts neoplasms (CID 10 C-22) of the state of Mato Grosso for the year 2020 regarding age group, sex (gender), and race. A total of 120 deaths due to malignant neoplasms of the liver and intrahepatic biliary tract were reported, corresponding to a mortality rate of approximately 3.4 deaths/100,000 inhabitants, with the proportion of deaths between men and women approximately 4:3. For both sexes, there is an abrupt increase in the incidence of deaths after the sixth decade of life, corresponding to 90% of deaths due to this pathology. Regarding the racial evaluation, deaths are more incident in the yellow race, with about 4.97 deaths/100,000 inhabitants, followed by the black race with 4.87 deaths/100,000 inhabitants. Thus, it is evident that deaths from liver and intrahepatic biliary tract malignant neoplasms in the state of Mato Grosso, in 2020, were concentrated from the sixth decade of life, especially in men, with emphasis on the yellow race. It should be noted that the analysis of epidemiological characteristics is essential for the development of screening policies and early diagnosis in patients with modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.

Fertility rate in Brazil and in adolescents in the last 20 years

Objective: to discuss the downward trend in the fertility rate in Brazil in the last two decades and the factors that contributed to this reduction. Methods: review study with data collection from secondary sources, such as the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Results: there was a significant drop in the average number of children per woman of childbearing age, from 2.4 in 2000 to 1.7 in 2020, due to several factors, such as higher education, participation of women in the labor market, availability of methods contraceptives and access to information. However, the fertility rate among adolescents is still considered high, at 45.9 births per thousand women aged 15 to 19 in 2020. The reduction in the fertility rate in Brazil is a positive trend, but there is still concern about the high rates of early pregnancy and childbirth among adolescents. Conclusions: It is crucial to invest in sexual and reproductive health services, as well as in initiatives that promote gender equality and empower women and girls, creating opportunities for them to participate fully in the social, economic and political life of the country.

Spatial Analysis of Scorpion Accidents in Brazil: Its Relation to Climate and Urbanization

Abstract. This essay has the objective of performing a spatial analysis and of identifying spatial pattern configurations of scorpion accidents, in order to assist in the implementation of projects and interventions for the prevention and control of areas infested by venomous animals. Between the data surveys and statistical data bank organizations we can quote the Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde - DATASUS (Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System), agency of the Secretaria de Gestão Estratégica e Participativa do Ministério da Saúde (Office of Strategic and Participatory Management at the Ministry of Health), in the years of 2019 and 2020, for the Brazilian territory. The modeling and data collection were developed, and organized into a geographic database, exploratory data analysis, spatial analysis, as well as the production of thematic maps, with identified spatial patterns. As a result a systematized set of thematic maps was obtained which presents the distribution of scorpion-caused accidents. Finally, a geographic analysis was conducted in order to analyze the data and results found, as well as the information conveyed in terms of demographic factors. It was found then a certain concentration of cases, which can generate a relationship between tropical climates and with the distribution of urbanized areas.

Cases of amputation in patients with type 2 diabetes in the state of Piauí during the years 2002 to 2013

Diabetes Mellitus or Type 2 Diabetes is a disease characterized by a deficient production of insulin by the pancreas, leading to an increase in the level of glucose in the blood. Due to the high epidemiological rates and the negative impact on society, it is considered an important health problem in Brazil and worldwide. Diabetes Mellitus is associated with several complications, such as difficulty in wound healing, which can evolve into a serious case of amputation, especially of the lower limbs. Thus, the present work aims to present the epidemiological profile of patients with this disease, who suffered amputations during the years 2002 to 2013 in the state of Piauí, aiming to clarify the seriousness of the disease. A quantitative retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, using data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). In the analyzed period, 81 cases of amputation due to Diabetes Mellitus were reported, with the predisposing factors being, mainly, sex, age, presence of diabetic foot, kidney disease, stroke, acute myocardial infarction and lifestyle, with emphasis on sedentary lifestyle, overweight and smoking. It is concluded that Type 2 Diabetes was a frequent problem in the population of the state in the period discussed, with the highest number of cases occurring in 2002 and the lowest in 2003. Thus, it is essential to understand the seriousness of this disease, with the purpose of treating it and reducing the number of people who suffer amputations as a result of it.

Epidemiology of congenital diaphragmatic hernia, esophageal atresia, and gastroschisis in South Brazil

Background: Birth defects remain a major contributor to infant mortality and lifelong disabilities. The epidemiology of congenital abnormalities varies around the world and little information is available from Latin America. Methods: This is an epidemiological, descriptive, cross-sectional study with data from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) on Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), esophageal atresia (EA) and gastroschisis (GS) in South Brazil from 2009 to 2019. Results: The incidence of CDH is 0.93 cases, while EA is 0.47 and GS is 2.87, all per 10,000 live births. There is an association between all the malformations and premature birth, cesarean delivery, low birth weight, and low Apgar scores. Both EA and GS are associated with maternal age, EA with older, and GS with younger mothers. While EA is associated with multiple pregnancies, GS is associated with fewer years of maternal formal education, single parenting, and a lower number of prenatal consultations. CDH is associated with the male sex and black ethnicity. Conclusion: This large population-based study estimates the prevalence and demographic factors associated with CDH, EA, and GS, and extends the limited descriptive epidemiologic information available.

Epidemiological profile of pesticide poisoning cases in the State of Sergipe, Brazil: a retrospective analysis from 2007 to 2021

We aimed to characterize the epidemiological profile of reported cases of pesticide poisoning in the state of Sergipe between 2007 and 2021. Secondary data were obtained from the National Database of Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) and National Toxicological Information System (SINITOX), through the Department of Informatics  of the Unified Health System (DATASUS) and analysis performed using the free tool Google Sheets. During the studied  period, 960 cases of exogenous pesticide poisoning were registered in the state. The municipality of Aracaju had the highest percentage of the number of cases. The incidence prevailed in females, in the 20-39 age group, in the brown  race and among those with incomplete primary education. The most used toxic agent was rodenticide, suicide attempt  predominated as a circumstance of use. Most cases resulted from a single acute exposure, confirmed by the clinical-epidemiological method, and evolved to a cure without sequelae. This study traced the epidemiological profile of the  State of Sergipe with regard to the intoxication of the population and, in addition, brought little explored data and  information that directly impacts policies aimed at reducing morbidity and mortality resulting from the use of pesticides.

SUICIDE AND COVID-19: A TEMPORAL-SPATIAL ANALYSIS IN THE STATE OF PARANÁ AND THE 15th HEALTH REGIONAL FROM 2010 TO 2020

IntroductionSuicide occurs throughout all the life course, but in 2019 it was the fourth leading cause of death among 15-29 years old worldwide.In Brazil, between 2010 and 2019, 112,230 deaths from suicide were recorded, with a 43% increase in the annual number of deaths from the beginning to the end of that period in all age groups. (SAÚDE, 2021).ObjectivesTo accomplish a space-time analysis of the rate of suicide deaths in the state of Paraná and in its 15th Health Regional, from 2010 to 2020, in the population aged 20 to 69 years, contrasting the pre-pandemic periods (2010 to 2019) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020).MethodsThis is an ecological, observational, cross-sectional, retrospective study, using spatial and temporal analysis tools, based on secondary data obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), in the period 2010 and 2020, referring to the 5568 Brazilian cities, with emphasis on the 399 of the state of Paraná and the 30 cities of its 15th Health Regional (HR).Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (AEDE) techniques were used through GeoDA (version 1.20.0.8) and QGis (version 3.22.4) software to determine the existence of Spatial Autocorrelation (Moran’s Global Index or Moran I) and to calculation and visualization of the Local Spatial Association Indicator (LISA).Global (Moran I) and local (LISA) spatial autocorrelation coefficients were considered significant when p < 0.05 at a 95% confidence level.The Space Time Cube is a simultaneous spatial and temporal analysis methodology of ArcGIS Pro Software (ESRI, 2011) that evaluates the behavior of a value in space over a defined time interval.ResultsThe arithmetic mean of the age at death by suicide, from 2010 to 2020, was 41.1 years, with a standard deviation of 13.3 years and a median of 40 years. Most deaths in the pre-pandemic period occurred among men aged 20 to 29, followed by women aged 30 to 39 years and men aged 40 to 49 years.Regarding the most common causes and modes of suicide in the State, there was no significant difference between the periods from 2010 to 2019, pre-pandemic reference, and 2020 (pandemic) in a global perspective. The three main causes of death were: 1) Hanging, strangulation or suffocation (ICD-10 X70, T71) were the majority and accounted for more than half of all causes; 2) Self-harm by gunshot (ICD- 10 X74 and X72); 3) Self-poisoning by pesticides and drugs, respectively (ICD-10 X68 and X61).ConclusionsThis study showed an increase in suicide deaths in the state of Paraná, when analyzing the periods before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The most affected population was men, aged 20 to 29 years.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Evaluation of the Brazilian therapeutic and epidemiologic management of osteosarcoma in childhood and adolescence

Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the epidemiology of osteosarcoma in children and adolescents and its best therapeutic approach. Data source: data was obtained from the Ministry of Health's databases (TABNET), made available by the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS), available at the following website (http://www.data-sus.gov.br). As the database is in the public domain, it was not necessary to submit the project to the Research Ethics Committee. Data synthesis: 51,901 cases of osteosarcoma were recorded in children and adolescents in Brazil, with a homogeneous distribution throughout the study period. The 15-19 age group accounted for the highest number of cases (41.2%) and also the highest mortality rate. Conclusions: Osteosarcoma is a malignant and aggressive neoplasm which requires rapid diagnosis and treatment, based mainly on chemotherapy and limb salvage surgery (LSS) as adjuvant therapy

Health economic impacts associated with the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages in Brazil.

The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is among the main risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs). This study aimed to estimate the financial costs of hospitalizations and procedures of high and medium complexity for NCDs attributable to the consumption of SSBs in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) in 2019. This ecological study used data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2019 and the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The attributable costs were estimated from the population-attributable fraction (PAF) and the costs in the treatment of chronic diseases [type 2 diabetes mellitus and ischemic heart disease (IHD)], stratified by sex, age group, level of complexity of treatment, and federative units. In 2019, in Brazil, US$ 14,116,240.55 were the costs of hospitalizations and procedures of high and medium complexity in the treatment of NCDs attributable to the consumption of SSBs. These values were higher in males (US$ 8,469,265.14) and the southeast and southern regions, mainly in the state of São Paulo. However, when evaluating these results at a rate per 10,000 inhabitants, it was observed that the states of Paraná, Tocantins, and Roraima had higher costs per 10,000 inhabitants. Regarding the age groups, higher costs were observed in the older age groups. This study revealed the high financial impact of the NCDs treatment attributed to the consumption of SSBs in Brazil and the variability among Brazilian macro-regions. The results demonstrate the urgency and need for the expansion of policies to reduce the consumption of SSBs in Brazil with strategies that consider regional particularities.

Epidemiological profile of cancer cases registered in a state in the northern region

Cancer encompasses a group of chronic pathologies with multifactorial causes and high levels of mortality in Brazil and worldwide. In addition, they constitute diseases with a great impact on the morbidity and mortality of patients and a high burden for the health system. Thus, the research seeks to outline the epidemiological profile of cancer in the state of Amapá from January 2018 to March 2021. For this, a descriptive, retrospective, cross-sectional study was used based on secondary public data from the “Panel Oncologia” , obtained from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS)[10]. A total of 610 cases were analyzed, of which 52.8% were male patients, with an emphasis on the age group of 65-69 years. Comparing the types of cancer, the most reported were breast (21.9%), prostate (18.5%) and stomach (12.9%). As for the establishment, the Hospital das Clínicas Doutor Alberto Lima (HCAL) was the health service that most diagnosed cases of malignant lesions in the state (90.3%) and the CRIO/CE unit was the location that received the highest number of cases patients treated outside the home (46.15%). It is concluded that cancer has a relevant prevalence in the population studied in the Amazon and knowledge of the epidemiological picture will enable better planning and disease control strategies and the prioritization of health promotion and prevention actions.

Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer in Brazil.

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic delayed the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up visits of patients with thyroid cancer. However, the magnitude with which these restrictions affected the Brazilian health care is still unknown.MethodsRetrospective analysis of thyroid cancer-related procedures performed in the Brazilian public health system from 2019 to 2021. Data were retrieved from the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). The following procedures were evaluated: fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs), oncologic thyroidectomies, and radioiodine (RAI) therapies for thyroid cancer. The year of 2019 served as baseline control.ResultsCompared with 2019, FNABs, oncologic thyroidectomies, and RAI therapies performed in 2020 decreased by 29%, 17% and 28%, respectively. In 2021, compared with 2019, FNABs increased by 2%, and oncologic thyroidectomies and RAI therapies decreased by 5% and 25%, respectively. Most pronounced reductions were observed in the first months of the pandemic. In April 2020, FNABs decreased by 67%, oncologic thyroidectomies by 45%, and RAI therapies by 75%. In 2021, RAI therapies were the only procedure with a statistically significant decrease.ConclusionThe restrictions to public health care during the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a significant reduction in diagnostic and treatment procedures for thyroid cancer in Brazil. The effects of these transitory gaps in thyroid cancer care, due to COVID-19, are still unclear.